Theko eamotsoako oa titaniume pakeng tsa $200 le $400 k'hilograma, ha theko ea motsoako oa sesole sa titanium e turu ho feta habeli. Joale, titanium ke eng? Ke hobane'ng ha e theko e boima hakaale ka mor'a ho alloy?
Pele, a re utloisise mohloli oa titanium. Titanium haholo-holo e tsoa ho ilmenite, rutile le perovskite. Ke tšepe e bosoeu bo bosoeu. Ka lebaka la tlhaho e sebetsang ea titanium le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa theknoloji ea smelting, batho ha ba khone ho hlahisa palo e kholo ea titanium ka nako e telele, kahoo e boetse e khetholloa e le "tšepe" e sa tloaelehang.
Ha e le hantle, batho ba ile ba sibolla titanium ka 1791, empa ea peletitanium e hloekilenge ile ea hlahisoa ka 1910, e ileng ea nka lilemo tse fetang lekholo. Lebaka le ka sehloohong ke hore titanium e sebetsa haholo mochesong o phahameng 'me e bonolo ho kopana le oksijene, naetrojene, carbon le likarolo tse ling. Ho nka maemo a thata haholo ho ntša titanium e hloekileng. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahiso ea titanium ea Chaena e eketsehile ho tloha ho lithane tse 200 lekholong le fetileng la lilemo ho ea ho lithane tse 150,000 hona joale, hona joale e boemong ba pele lefatšeng. Joale, ke hokae moo titanium e sebelisoang haholo-holo ha e turu hakaale?
1. Mesebetsi ea matsoho ea Titanium.Titanium e na le sekhahla se phahameng haholo 'me ha e na kutu, haholo-holo oxidizable le mebala. E na le phello e ntle ea mokhabiso 'me e theko e tlaase haholo ho feta khauta ea sebele, kahoo e sebelisoa ho nkela khauta ea sebele sebaka sa lirafshoa tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho, meaho ea khale le litokiso tsa meaho ea khale, li-nameplate tsa kantle, joalo-joalo.
2. Mabenyane a Titanium.Titanium e hlile e kene ka khutso bophelong ba rona. Mabenyane a mang a entsoeng ka titanium e hloekileng eo banana ba seng ba e apara hona joale. Ntho e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea mofuta ona o mocha oa mabenyane ke bophelo bo botle, polokeho le tšireletso ea tikoloho. E ke ke ea hlahisa lintho tse kotsi letlalong le 'meleng oa motho,' me e bitsoa "mabenyane a tala".
3. Likhalase tsa Titanium. Titanium e na le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho hanela deformation ho feta tšepe, empa boima ba eona ke halofo feela ea molumo o tšoanang oa tšepe. Likhalase tsa Titanium ha li fapane le likhalase tse tloaelehileng tsa tšepe, empa ha e le hantle li bobebe ebile li phutholohile, li na le mofuthu o mofuthu le o boreleli, ntle le maikutlo a batang a likhalase tse ling tsa tšepe. Liforeimi tsa Titanium li bobebe ho feta liforeimi tse tloaelehileng tsa tšepe, li ke ke tsa senyeha ka mor'a tšebeliso ea nako e telele, 'me boleng bo tiisitsoe haholoanyane.
4. Lefapheng la sefofane, litšepe tse ngata tse tsamaisang lifofane tse ntseng li le teng hona joale, lirokete le limisaele li nketsoe sebaka ke metsoako ea titanium. Batho ba bang ba entse liteko tsa ho itšeha ka lipoleiti tsa tšepe le li-alloys tsa titanium, hape ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha eona ho senyeha le boima bo bobebe. Nakong ea ho itšeha, ho ile ha fumanoa hore litlhase tse hlahisoang ke titanium li ne li bonahala li fapane hanyane. Letlapa la tšepe le ne le le khauta, ha litlhase tsa alloy ea titanium li le tšoeu. Sena ke haholo-holo ka lebaka la likaroloana tse nyenyane tse hlahisoang ke motsoako oa titanium nakong ea ho itšeha. E ka hotetsa ka boithatelo moeeng 'me ea ntša litlhase tse khanyang,' me mocheso oa litlhase tsena o phahame haholo ho feta oa litlhase tsa tšepe, kahoo phofo ea titanium e boetse e sebelisoa e le mafura a rokete.
Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ho sebelisoa lithane tse fetang 1 000 tsa titanium bakeng sa ho tsamaea lefatšeng selemo le selemo. Ntle le ho sebelisoa e le thepa ea sebaka, titanium e boetse e sebelisoa ho etsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi. Motho e mong o kile a tebisa titanium botlaaseng ba leoatle, 'me a fumana hore e ne e sa rusa ho hang ha e ntšoa ka mor'a lilemo tse hlano, hobane boima ba titanium ke ligrama tse 4,5 feela,' me matla a cubic centimeter ke a phahameng ka ho fetisisa har'a tšepe. 'me e khona ho mamella maemo a 2,500 a khatello ea maikutlo. Ka hona, likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi tsa titanium li ka tsamaea ka leoatleng le tebileng la limithara tse 4,500, ha likepe tse tloaelehileng tsa tšepe li ka qoela ho fihla ho limithara tse 300.
Tšebeliso ea titanium e ruile ebile e mebala-bala, 'melihlahisoa tsa titaniumli boetse li sebelisoa haholo meriana, 'me li sebelisoa ho phekola meno, opereishene ea polasetiki, li-valve tsa pelo, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, joalo-joalo, leha ho le joalo, theko ea hona joale ea lihlahisoa tsa titanium 'marakeng hangata e phahame, e leng se etsang hore bareki ba bangata ba lule hole. Joale, hantle-ntle boemo boo bo bakoa ke eng?
Ho rafa le ho sebelisoa ha lisebelisoa tsa titanium ho thata haholo. Kabo ea merafo ea lehlabathe ea ilmenite naheng ea heso e hasane, 'me bongata ba lisebelisoa tsa titanium bo tlase. Kamora lilemo tsa merafo le ts'ebeliso, lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo le tse kholo li 'nile tsa rafshoa, empa hobane nts'etsopele e thehiloe haholo-holo holim'a merafo ea baahi, ho thata ho theha nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso e kholo.
Tlhokahalo ea titanium e matla haholo. Joaloka mofuta o mocha oa thepa ea tšepe, titanium e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo sebakeng sa sefofane, kaho, leoatleng, matla a nyutlelie le motlakase. Ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea matla a naha ea heso a felletseng, tšebeliso ea titanium le eona e bonts'itse kholo e potlakileng.
Matla a sa lekaneng a tlhahiso ea titanium. Hona joale, ho na le linaha tse seng kae feela tse tsoetseng pele lefatšeng tse ka hlahisang titanium.
Ho sebetsa ka titanium ho thata.
Ho tloha ho seponche sa titanium ho isa ho li-ingots tsa titanium, ebe ho ea ho lipoleiti tsa titanium, ho hlokahala lits'ebetso tse ngata. Mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha oa titanium o fapane le oa tšepe. Hoa hlokahala ho laola sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha, motlakase le hona joale, le ho netefatsa botsitso ba sebopeho. Ka lebaka la mekhoa e mengata le e rarahaneng, ho boetse ho thata ho sebetsa.
Titanium e hloekileng e bonolo 'me ka kakaretso ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa e le lihlahisoa tsa titanium. Ka hona, likarolo tse ling li hloka ho kenyelletsoa ho ntlafatsa thepa ea tšepe. Ka mohlala, titanium-64, e atisang ho sebelisoa indastering ea lifofane, e hloka ho eketsa lisebelisoa tse ling tse ngata ho ntlafatsa thepa ea eona ea tšepe.
Titanium e sebetsana ka matla le li-halogens, oksijene, sebabole, k'habone, naetrojene le likarolo tse ling mochesong o phahameng. Ka hona, ho qhibiliha ha titanium ho lokela ho etsoa sebakeng se se nang metsi kapa se se nang moea ho qoba tšilafalo.
Titanium ke tšepe e sebetsang, empa conductivity ea eona ea mocheso e fokola, e etsang hore ho be thata ho tjheseletsa ka lisebelisoa tse ling.
Ka kakaretso, ho na le lintlha tse ngata tse amang theko ea li-alloys tsa titanium, ho kenyelletsa le boleng ba setso, tlhokahalo, bothata ba tlhahiso, joalo-joalo Leha ho le joalo, ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea saense le thekenoloji, bothata ba tlhahiso bo ka fokotseha butle-butle nakong e tlang.
Nako ea poso: Jan-02-2025